I explain here Different methods to run a non-nixos executable on Nixos - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange the set of libraries that I recommend to enable to run most softwares. Back then, nix-ld.libraries was not existing so I was using a different method, but you should be able now to do:
programs.nix-ld.enable = true;
programs.nix-ld.libraries = with pkgs; [
stdenv.cc.cc
openssl
xorg.libXcomposite
xorg.libXtst
xorg.libXrandr
xorg.libXext
xorg.libX11
xorg.libXfixes
libGL
libva
pipewire.lib
xorg.libxcb
xorg.libXdamage
xorg.libxshmfence
xorg.libXxf86vm
libelf
# Required
glib
gtk2
bzip2
# Without these it silently fails
xorg.libXinerama
xorg.libXcursor
xorg.libXrender
xorg.libXScrnSaver
xorg.libXi
xorg.libSM
xorg.libICE
gnome2.GConf
nspr
nss
cups
libcap
SDL2
libusb1
dbus-glib
ffmpeg
# Only libraries are needed from those two
libudev0-shim
# Verified games requirements
xorg.libXt
xorg.libXmu
libogg
libvorbis
SDL
SDL2_image
glew110
libidn
tbb
# Other things from runtime
flac
freeglut
libjpeg
libpng
libpng12
libsamplerate
libmikmod
libtheora
libtiff
pixman
speex
SDL_image
SDL_ttf
SDL_mixer
SDL2_ttf
SDL2_mixer
libappindicator-gtk2
libdbusmenu-gtk2
libindicator-gtk2
libcaca
libcanberra
libgcrypt
libvpx
librsvg
xorg.libXft
libvdpau
gnome2.pango
cairo
atk
gdk-pixbuf
fontconfig
freetype
dbus
alsaLib
expat
];
to get most lib you need. To find the lib you want for a given file, you can do something like:
$ nix run github:mic92/nix-index-database libX11.so.6
(see also the options to further restrict the search)