Replying to myself.
Here is what I did to workaround the issue:
- Boot into Debian using their USB installer
- Install Nix in Debian
sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon
- From there, build a NixOS to
kexec
(see documentation NixOS 23.11 manual | Nix & NixOS):nix-build -A kexec.x86_64-linux '<nixpkgs/nixos/release.nix>'
apt install kexec-tools
cd result && ./kexec-boot