It is exactly the problem.
Path to ld-linux.so.2 is inside /nix/store and difficult to guess.
That means the calling side must go through Nix build process in order to get path to ld-linux.so.2 and then to preserve it from GC. Also the calling side must be rebuild on glibc (ld-linux.so.2’s owner) upgrade.
All these are difficult to do when the calling side is a jar file downloaded from Maven Central to $HOME/.m2
I just got exactly the same issue with a maven dependency (GitHub - flapdoodle-oss/de.flapdoodle.embed.mongo: ...will provide a platform neutral way for running mongodb in unittests.) and was very happy to find this trick… thanks @volth ! 
I hit the problem of mvn downloading and running pre-built ELF files today and made it work by wrapping mvn with proot: global-platform-pro: 18.09.14 -> 20.01.23 by bjornfor · Pull Request #250228 · NixOS/nixpkgs · GitHub