Does your system not have a /dev/video0 device? Given that you have two GPUs apparently, you might also have /dev/video1 I guess. At least I do on this dual GPU laptop.
Edit: If the device is there, it might be a permissions problem. Like so often.
157.499375] usb 3-1: USB disconnect, device number 2
[ 160.043844] usb 3-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using xhci_hcd
[ 160.740455] usb 3-1: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=0892, bcdDevice= 0.19
[ 160.740462] usb 3-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 160.740464] usb 3-1: Product: HD Pro Webcam C920
[ 160.740465] usb 3-1: SerialNumber: B9565F1F
[ 160.741125] gspca_main: vc032x-2.14.0 probing 046d:0892
[ 160.741938] gspca_vc032x: reg_r err -32
[ 160.741946] vc032x: probe of 3-1:1.0 failed with error -32
[ 160.741987] usb 3-1: Found UVC 1.00 device HD Pro Webcam C920 (046d:0892)
Does the device work without docker? If so, it is most likely okay.
Check your docker configuration and ensure that docker, however you are running that (rootful, rootless) has the right permissions to actually access the device.