In case anyone stumble on this in the future: I was not able to find the underlying cause however switching from the unstable channel to 23.11 resolved this problem in addition to:
electron apps also failed with the same error
games could not be launched due to a vulkin error.
I’d guess that this was caused by the various graphics caches. Perhaps they just lapsed after the update, e.g. because everything had new shaders post update or something?