I vaguely recall this happened when you installed GDM without some required GNOME component, maybe gnome-shell or adwaita-icon-theme. It is a bug that should be fixed in gnome.gdm package or gdm NixOS module – the module should be self-contained.
It is possible we adjusted some propagated dependencies, which resulted in a transitive dependent losing a necessary dependency. Unfortunately, the desktop environment packages are often not fully hermetic (ensuring that would be too much effort) so it can happen that DE leaks some dependency, masking insufficient dependencies in programs run within.