Excited to see this work maturing. Hopefully itāll help unify some currently-fragmented effort.
Iām desperately waiting for another init/service supervisor fully working on NixOS (I know the rfc is not directly targeting at this), but as this comment mentioned, some developers still donāt want to lose control over how systemd service forms. So how do we create a balance between these two expressions?
IMO when some systemd specific settings appear, we can reuse some parts of systemd code to provide a binary that acts as the middle ground between common init/supervisors and systemd config file. Is this technically possible?
Like we do with other platforms. The abstraction layer should know if some āgeneral featureā (hardening, etc.) can be expressed in the implementation layer, if itās not, sometimes it can be downgraded/degraded (just not using hardening options), sometimes the user care about this and prefer having an evaluation error about it, etc.
The work must systematically generalize whatever is the āupper boundā of features and try to move stuff from init-specific feature to the generic init featureset.
what about a single file to define an interface for the foo module, as well as any implementation that isnāt specific to any backend, like this:
$ cat module.nix
{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }: with lib;
let
cfg = config.services.foo;
in
{
# interface common to all backends: systemd, supervisord, sysvinit, etc...
options.services.foo = {
package = mkOption {
type = types.package;
default = pkgs.foo;
};
user = mkOption {
type = types.str;
default = "foo";
};
group = mkOption {
type = types.str;
default = "foo";
};
configFile = mkOption {
type = types.lines;
};
};
# implementation common to all backends:
config = {
services.foo.configFile = ''
# settings common to all backends
'';
users.users.foo = mkIf (cfg.user == "foo") {
isSystemUser = true;
group = cfg.group;
};
user.groups.foo = mkIf (cfg.group == "foo") { };
};
}
and then for each backend you can create a separate implementation as well as any implementation specific options, like this:
{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }:
let
cfg = config.services.foo;
in
{
# interface specific to systemd backend
options.services.foo = {
doSomethingSystemdSpecificLikeSystemdHardeningForExample = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
};
};
# implementation specific to systemd backend
config = {
services.foo.configFile = ''
# systemd specific settings
'';
systemd.services.foo = {
description = "foo service";
wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
serviceConfig = {
ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/foo --config ${cfg.configFile}";
User = cfg.user;
Group = cfg.group;
} // cfg.doSomethingSystemdSpecificLikeSystemdHardeningForExample {
ProtectHome = true;
# etc...
};
};
};
}
from there other people can optionally write other backends in supervisord.nix, etcā¦
realistically i think if you try to push a higher level of abstraction than this (like say an abstraction over systemd vs other init systems as opposed to an abstraction over the module itself like my example shows) we end up losing the control we want to retain - yes, this is more workā¦ but that work falls on the shoulders of people who want to maintain these other backends 
In this case, weāll have to at least create a layer that achieves basic dependency-based and event-driven features (I guess itās fairly easy to write some scripts with fixed format to deal with corner cases). But systemd is going far beyond these functionalities. It tries to converting scripts into its own deterministic configurations as much as possible. Taking these options in [UNIT] section as an example:
ConditionPathExists=
Check for the existence of a file. If the specified absolute path
name does not exist, the condition will fail. If the absolute path
name passed to ConditionPathExists= is prefixed with an exclamation
mark ("!"), the test is negated, and the unit is only started if
the path does not exist.
ConditionPathExistsGlob=
ConditionPathExistsGlob= is similar to ConditionPathExists=, but
checks for the existence of at least one file or directory matching
the specified globbing pattern.
ConditionPathIsDirectory=
ConditionPathIsDirectory= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that a certain path exists and is a directory.
ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=
ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that a certain path exists and is a symbolic link.
ConditionPathIsMountPoint=
ConditionPathIsMountPoint= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that a certain path exists and is a mount point.
ConditionPathIsReadWrite=
ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that the underlying file system is readable and writable
(i.e. not mounted read-only).
ConditionPathIsEncrypted=
ConditionPathIsEncrypted= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that the underlying file system's backing block device is
encrypted using dm-crypt/LUKS. Note that this check does not cover
ext4 per-directory encryption, and only detects block level
encryption. Moreover, if the specified path resides on a file
system on top of a loopback block device, only encryption above the
loopback device is detected. It is not detected whether the file
system backing the loopback block device is encrypted.
ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=
ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that a certain path exists and is a non-empty directory.
ConditionFileNotEmpty=
ConditionFileNotEmpty= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that a certain path exists and refers to a regular file
with a non-zero size.
ConditionFileIsExecutable=
ConditionFileIsExecutable= is similar to ConditionPathExists= but
verifies that a certain path exists, is a regular file, and marked
executable.
And they can still be needed options to correctly operate the service, rather than optional ones that doesnāt affect overall functionality. How can we replace them when we are using simpler init/supervisors, such as runit or openrc?
- Letting service maintainers avoid these rarer options. Theyāll not be happy as expressed above.
- writing workaround scripts (and throw them into
overridesor something) for other init/supervisors every time these options appear. This looks stupid but will probably be more acceptable. - writing workaround scripts to mimic each of these options. It also looks dirty and I donāt think others may accept it.
So yeah,
And even my assumption (said above) may not come true.
The example you cite though can trivially be converted to a Bash script that performs exactly what is said, right? This is the problem of folks using another init have to fix.
If a program requires a certain path to be available, using another init would have required to fix it in the script or whatever.
So for me, if your service manager does not support that type of feature, then āhere be dragonsā and thatās it.
Also, all the challenge for the other service managers is to find a way to make all of this conversion composable and works. Maybe, not all services uses 99% of systemd features and you can get away with a lot, but thatās the deal.
Some people say that nixpkgs is an amazing software collection because it has very few policies, this is another instance of this. No one is preventing from using s6 for running programs, but you have to pay the tax of not using systemd yourself if the program you want to run heavily uses systemd features, maybe by contributing to s6 and finding a way to keep the s6 culture and be more and more compatible to systemd. Previous Nix contributors tried it and I believe this is a matter of effort and dedication, I wish the best to people doing this because monoculture is bad but I also think itās herculeen work.